What are the disadvantages of using crude oil?
- Oil is a non-renewable source of energy.
- Burning oil produces carbon dioxide gas.
- Burning oil can pollute the air.
- Much of our oil has to be imported and it is becoming more and more expensive as reserves reduce and imports increase.
Uses of Crude Oil
These include transportation fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. They also include fuel oils used for heating and electricity generation.The benefits of crude oil products
Crude oil generates heat. Heating this material and other petroleum products can warm homes in colder weather, making modern living possible even in colder climates. This oil also produces energy. Many petroleum products are energy carriers.For most people brief contact with a small amount of oil will do no harm. Some people are more sensitive to chemicals, including those found in crude oil. Swallowing small amounts (less than a coffee cup) of oil will cause upset stomach, vomiting, and diarrhea, but is unlikely to have long-lasting health effects.
Advantages of Oil
1) High Energy Density – Oil has one of the highest energy densities which means that a small amount of oil can produce a large amount of energy. This makes it very useful as its high energy density has made it the preferred choice for use as fuel in automobiles.Oil and gas are used widely in modern life. Oil fuels the cars, trucks and planes that underpin modern economies and lifestyles. Nearly all pesticides and many fertilisers are made from oil or oil byproducts. Gas provides electricity and is also used for cooking, heating houses and buildings, and heating water.
- The United States. The United States, the world's biggest oil consuming country, consumed 18.5 million barrels of oil per day (mbd) in 2012, which accounted for nearly 20% of the world's total oil consumption per day.
- China.
- Japan.
- India.
- Russia.
- Saudi Arabia.
- Brazil.
- Germany.
Akwa- Ibom is currently the largest oil producing state in Nigeria after displacing Rivers state from this position. It is located in the coastal area of Nigeria and is populated by over 5 million people according to the last census. Akwa-Ibomis bordered by Rivers State, Cross River State and Abia State.
Those of the opinion, that oil is a blessing to Nigeria state that it brought about a great revenue turnaround for the country. It has increased government revenue, foreign exchange earnings, exports and also provided jobs for teeming unemployed youths.
Nigerian Agip Oil Company Limited (NAOC): A joint venture operated by Agip and owned by the NNPC (60%), Agip (20%) and ConocoPhillips (20%) produces 150,000 barrels per day (24,000 cubic metres per day) mostly from small onshore fields.
At a current price of $65 per barrel, Nigerian crude oil exports records 2.2 million barrels per day.
The company operates in more than 85 countries, employing about 100,000 people. The company's entry level salary is between N3,600,000 – N6,000,000 per annum.
Japan is a major export market for Nigeria's petroleum gas exports, taking 32% of their output, followed by Spain (11%), India (9.9%), South Korea (9.7%) and Brazil (9.7%).
Crude oil not only destroys the insulating properties of animal fur and bird feathers, which can lead to hypothermia, but it also impairs animals' abilities to fly and swim, sometimes causing oiled animals to drown.
Although crude oil is a source of raw material (feedstock) for making plastics, it is not the major source of feedstock for plastics production in the United States. Plastics are produced from natural gas, feedstocks derived from natural gas processing, and feedstocks derived from crude oil refining.
Crude oil is a mixture of comparatively volatile liquid hydrocarbons (compounds composed mainly of hydrogen and carbon), though it also contains some nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Those elements form a large variety of complex molecular structures, some of which cannot be readily identified.
These petroleum products include gasoline, distillates such as diesel fuel and heating oil, jet fuel, petrochemical feedstocks, waxes, lubricating oils, and asphalt. A U.S. 42-gallon barrel of crude oil yields about 45 gallons of petroleum products in U.S. refineries because of refinery processing gain.
They are important because they are used to manufacture large number of useful material such as detergents, synthetic fibres, plastics, synthetic rubber, drugs, dyes, perfumes, fertilisers, insecticides etc. Hydrogen gas is obtained as a petrochemical from natural gas.It is used in the manufacture of fertilisers.
These
petroleum products include gasoline, heating
oil, jet fuel, petrochemical feedstocks, waxes, lubricating
oils, and asphalt. SteelOil is used for transportation,
petroleum products, and plastics.
Major products are:
- Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
- Bitumen.
- Kerosene.
- Diesel.
- Gasoline.
Crude oil contributes 97% of the energy for transport such as cars, trains, airplanes in the world. crude oil is necessary as without it no automobile,industries etc runs. It is the most important raw material of the industrialised nations. It can generate heat,drive machinery and fuel vehicles and airplanes.
Over millions of years, layer after layer of sediment and other plants and bacteria were formed. Stage 2 - As they became buried ever deeper, heat and pressure began to rise. The amount of pressure and the degree of heat, along with the type of biomass, determined if the material became oil or natural gas.
| WTI Crude | 24.11 | +0.56 |
|---|
| Brent Crude | 29.84 | +0.38 |
| Natural Gas | 1.879 | -0.015 |
| Mars US •11 hours | 25.95 | -0.79 |
| Opec Basket | 22.40 | +0.96 |
Oil Reserves in Nigeria
Nigeria has proven reserves equivalent to 237.3 times its annual consumption. This means that, without Net Exports, there would be about 237 years of oil left (at current consumption levels and excluding unproven reserves).In 1914 the Northern and Southern protectorates were merged into a single entity called "Nigeria." The name "Nigeria" was suggested by the wife of a British Governor-General Sir Frederick Lord Lugard.
With a maximum crude oil production capacity of 2.5 million barrels per day, Nigeria ranks has Africa's largest producer of oil and the sixth largest oil producing country in the world.
At a current price of $65 per barrel, Nigerian crude oil exports records 2.2 million barrels per day.
According to the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), Nigeria has a maximum crude oil production capacity of 2.5 million barrels per day and has traditionally ranked as Africa's largest producer and sixth largest in the world.
Dangote refinery is a 650,000 barrels per day (bpd) integrated refinery and petrochemical project under construction in the Lekki Free Zone near Lagos, Nigeria. It is expected to be the Africa's biggest oil refinery and the world's biggest single-train facility, upon completion in 2020.
The oil producing states in the country are Abia, Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Delta, Edo, Lagos, Imo and Rivers respectively.
The biggest issue is its Lagos location: The refinery is being built hundreds of miles from the impoverished Niger Delta, where the bulk of Nigeria's oil is extracted. Two undersea pipelines are under construction in the Delta and will carry petroleum about 340 miles to the refinery in Lagos.
