It was the first covert action by the United States to overthrow a democratically-elected government during peacetime. Mosaddegh had sought to audit the documents of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC), a British corporation (now part of BP) and to limit the company's control over Iranian oil reserves.
National Iranian Oil Company
| Industry | Oil and gas |
| Founded | 20 March 1951 |
| Founder | Mohammad Mosaddegh |
| Headquarters | Taleghani Street, Tehran, Iran |
| Area served | Worldwide |
Many Iranians argue that the coup and the subsequent U.S. support for the shah proved largely responsible for the shah's arbitrary rule, which led to the "deeply anti-American character" of the 1979 revolution. Until the outbreak of World War II, the United States had no active policy toward Iran.
The 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état, code-named Operation PBSUCCESS, was a covert operation carried out by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) that deposed the democratically elected Guatemalan President Jacobo Árbenz and ended the Guatemalan Revolution of 1944–1954.
Official names
Since 1 April 1979, the official name of the Iranian state is Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān (Persian: ?????? ?????? ?????), translated to the Islamic Republic of Iran in English.Iran's complex and unusual political system combines elements of a modern Islamic theocracy with democracy. A network of elected and unelected institutions influence each other in the government's power structure.
On 12 December 1925, the Majlis deposed the young Shah Ahmad Shah Qajar, and declared Reza Shah the new monarch of the Imperial State of Persia, and the first Shah of the Pahlavi dynasty. Mosaddegh then retired from politics, due to disagreements with the new regime.
On January 29, 2002—four months after 9/11, US President Bush gave his "Axis of evil" speech, describing Iran, along with North Korea and Iraq, as an axis of evil and warning that the proliferation of long-range missiles developed by these countries constituted terrorism and threatened the United States.
Shah (/??ː/; Persian: ???, romanized: Šāh, pronounced [??ːh], "king") is a title given to the emperors, kings, princes and lords of Iran (historically known as Persia in the West).
The White Revolution (Persian: ?????? ???? Enqelāb-e Sefid) or the Shah and People Revolution (Persian: ?????? ??? ? ???? Enqelāb-e Shāh o Mardom) was a far-reaching series of reforms in Iran launched in 1963 by the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, which lasted until 1979.
Its causes continue to be the subject of historical debate and are believed to have stemmed partly from a conservative backlash opposing the westernization, modernization and secularization efforts of the Western-backed Shah, as well as from a more popular reaction to social injustice and other shortcomings of the
listen); 16 June 1882 – 5 March 1967) was an Iranian politician who served as the 35th Prime Minister of Iran, holding office from 1951 until 1953, when his government was overthrown in the 1953 Iranian coup d'état orchestrated by the United States' Central Intelligence Agency and the United Kingdom's MI6.
The White Revolution (Persian: ?????? ???? Enqelāb-e Sefid) or the Shah and People Revolution (Persian: ?????? ??? ? ???? Enqelāb-e Shāh o Mardom) was a far-reaching series of reforms in Iran launched in 1963 by the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, which lasted until 1979.
The history of Iran's oil industry began in 1901, when British speculator William D'Arcy received a concession from Iran to explore and develop southern Iran's oil resources. The discovery of oil on May 26, 1908 led to the formation in 1909 of the London-based Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC).
On 28 April 1951, the Shah appointed Mosaddegh as Prime Minister after the Majlis (Parliament of Iran) nominated Mosaddegh by a vote of 79–12. The Shah was aware of Mosaddegh's rising popularity and political power, after a period of assassinations by Fada'iyan-e Islam and political unrest by the National Front.
SAVAK (Persian: ?????, short for ?????? ??????? ? ????? ???? Sāzemān-e Ettelā'āt va Amniyat-e Keshvar, literally "National Organization for Security and Intelligence") was the secret police, domestic security and intelligence service in Iran during the reign of the Pahlavi dynasty.
| Mohammad Reza Pahlavi |
|---|
| Predecessor | Reza Shah |
| Successor | Monarchy abolished Ruhollah Khomeini as Supreme Leader |
| Prime Ministers | See list[show] |
| Head of House of Pahlavi |
CIA activities in Iran. There have been many claims of repeated U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) intervention in the internal affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persia), from the 1953 Mosaddeq coup to present.
The U.S. helped Iran create its nuclear program starting in 1957 by providing Iran its first nuclear reactor and nuclear fuel, and after 1967 by providing Iran with weapons grade enriched uranium. Iran's nuclear program was launched in the 1950s with the help of the United States as part of the Atoms for Peace program.
While much of the Iranian military uses Iranian-manufactured weapons and domestic hardware, Iran still purchases some weapons systems from Russia. In turn, Iran has helped Russia with its drone technology and other military technology. Iran has its embassy in Moscow and consulates in the cities of Astrakhan and Kazan.
More recently in 2007–08, the CIA claimed to be supporting the Sunni terrorist group Jundallah against Iran, but these claims were refuted by a later investigation. It is widely believed the CIA was directly involved with the Mosaddeq coup as declassified documents from 2011 have revealed.
On November 4, 1979, just after the Shah arrived in New York, a group of pro-Ayatollah students smashed the gates and scaled the walls of the American embassy in Tehran. Once inside, they seized 66 hostages, mostly diplomats and embassy employees. By midsummer 1980, 52 hostages remained in the embassy compound.
In 1978 the Shah made a request to then-Vice President Saddam Hussein to banish the expatriate Ayatollah Khomenei from Iraq, who had been living there in exile for the past 15 years.
Ayatollah (UK: /ˌa??ˈt?l?/ or US: /ˌa??ˈto?l?/; Persian: ???????, romanized: āyatollāh) is an honorific title for high-ranking Shia clergy in Iran that came into widespread usage in the 20th century.
The Iranian Revolution (Persian: ?????? ?????, romanized: Enqelâbe Irân, pronounced [?e??eˌl?ːbe ?iː??ːn]), also known as the Islamic Revolution or the 1979 Revolution, was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who was supported by the United
The 1953 Iranian coup d'état, known in Iran as the 28 Mordad coup d'état (Persian: ?????? ?? ?????), was the overthrow of the democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh in favour of strengthening the monarchical rule of the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi on 19 August 1953, orchestrated by the United States
The Shah received significant American support during his reign, and frequently making state visits to the White House and earning praise from numerous American presidents. The Shah's close ties to Washington and his Modernization policies soon angered some Iranians, especially the hardcore Islamic conservatives.
Ayatollah Khomeini was the ruler of (or at least dominant figure in) Iran for a decade, from the founding of the Islamic Republic in April 1979 until his death in mid-1989.
The Shah left Iran for exile on 16 January 1979, as the last Persian monarch, leaving his duties to a regency council and Shapour Bakhtiar who was an opposition-based prime minister. Ayatollah Khomeini was invited back to Iran by the government, and returned to Tehran to a greeting by several million Iranians.
Who was the Shah of Iran's wife?
Farah Pahlavim. 1959–1980
Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiarym. 1951–1958
Fawzia Fuad of Egyptm. 1939–1948
After the death of her daughter Princess Leila in 2001, she purchased a smaller home in Potomac, Maryland, near Washington, D.C., to be closer to her son and grandchildren. Farah now divides her time between Washington, D.C., and Paris.
However, a lot of people think they know how much the Shah is worth. The estimates range from $50 million to $100 million, according to ABC's Barbara Walters, to over $1 billion, according to columnist Alexander Cockburn, all the way up to $56 billion, according to the government of Iran.
The Majlis, convening as a Constituent Assembly, declared him the Shah (King) of Iran on 12 December 1925, pursuant to the Constitution of Iran. Three days later, on 15 December, he took his imperial oath and thus became the first shah of the Pahlavi dynasty.
From 1960 to 1963 Mohammad Reza carried out a national development program called the White Revolution, which expanded transportation networks, fostered dam and irrigation projects, helped eradicate disease, boosted literacy, and encouraged industrial growth and land reform.
