D.C. motor is preferred over an A.C. motor when we need variable speed operation because As in DC series motor field winding and armature winding is in series. So whenever armature current changes field current also changes as they are same due to which its torque changes rapidly and we get a variable speed.
Thus, the speed of a DC motor can control in three ways: By varying the flux, and by varying the current through field winding. By varying the armature voltage, and the armature resistance. Through the supply voltage.
If there is no back end then large current flows in starting of motors because initial speed is zero and back emf is zero thus winding gets damaged for this purpose only we use starters for all motors. motor will not start.
DC controls adjust speed by varying the voltage sent to the motor (this differs from AC motor controls which adjust the line frequency to the motor). Typical no load or synchronous speeds for an AC fractional horsepower motor are 1800 or 3600 rpm, and 1000-5000 rpm for DC fractional hp motors.
A series motor should never be started at no load. With no mechanical load on the series motor, the current is low, the counter-EMF produced by the field winding is weak, and so the armature must turn faster to produce sufficient counter-EMF to balance the supply voltage.
slip ring induction motor
What will happen if DC motor is used without starter? Explanation: It would cause intolerably heavy sparking at the brushes which may destroy the commutator and brush-gear. Sudden development of large torque will cause mechanical shock to the shaft, reducing its life.
A three-point starter is an electrical device, used for starting as well as maintaining the DC shunt motor speed. The connection of resistance in this circuit is in series which decreases the initial high current and guards the equipment against any electrical failures.
Variable speed drives (VSDs), also called variable frequency drives, are a valuable tool for the energy manager. Typically the VSD system consists of a three-phase AC induction motor and a variable frequency power supply.
Series DC motors are a group of self-excited DC motors in which the field coil is connected in series to the armature winding and thus a higher current passes through it. A series DC motor mission is to turn the electrical energy into mechanical one based on electromagnetic law.
When the armature of the DC motor rotates under the influence of driving torque, the armature of the conductors moves through a magnetic field inducing an emf in them. The induced emf is in the opposite direction to the applied voltage and is known as the back emf.
Which power is mentioned on a name plate of a motor? Explanation: Name plate of the motor shows rated values i.e. rated speed, rated current, rated voltage. It also shows output power available at shaft when all other quantities are set to rated values.
Starters are used to protect DC motors from damage that can be caused by very high current and torque during startup. They do this by providing external resistance to the motor, which is connected in series to the motor's armature winding and restricts the current to an acceptable level.
Which of the following application requires high starting torque?
- Lathe machine.
- Centrifugal pump.
- Locomotive.
- Air blower.
Characteristics of a DC Shunt Motor:
- Speed-Armature Current Characteristic:
- Torque-Armature Current Characteristic:
- Speed-Torque Characteristic:
- Break in Field Circuit of a DC Motor:
Which DC motor has got maximum self-loading property? Explanation: A differentially compound DC motor, flux reduces so sharply at small increase in load at higher values of load. It is advisable that motor should not be used beyond some load value, as it may damage itself by self-loading.
shunt motors are used wherever there is a request for stable speed. Shunt DC motors can be used in centrifugal pumps, lifts, weaving and lathe machines, blowers, fans, conveyors, spinning machines, and more.
first test the field winding with a megohmmeter to check, that the winding has no short to the housing. Then check the current consumption of the field winding. If you can, start with a low voltage and rise it until you reach the nominal voltage. Look for the maximum current at the specification plate.
In case of DC shunt motor, the flux per pole is considered to be constant, torque increases with the increase of load current. If the load current increases then the armature current also be increased and the speed slightly falls due to increase in voltage drop in armature.
