A green rim is present at every sunset, but it is too thin to be seen with the naked eye. Often a green rim changes to a green flash and back again during the same sunset. The best time to observe a green rim is about 10 minutes before sunset.
The sky isn't green because the sky is made of blue stuff, stuff that reflects blue light into our eyes. Rayleigh scattering is the how and why the blue light gets to our eyes, the blue wavelengths are scattered the strongest, so we see blue.
Green Lightning? Green/turquoise flashes and/or changing colors: A flash of light in the sky that lingers, pulses and/or changes colors is not lightning, but electrical arcing from shorted-out power lines. When lightning strikes an energized power line, an electrical flashover arc can result.
The flashes are happening because Capella is low in the sky in the evening at this time of year. And, when you look at an object low in the sky, you're looking through more atmosphere than when the same object is overhead. The atmosphere splits or “refracts” the star's light, just as a prism splits sunlight.
If this blue scattered light is set against an environment heavy in red light—during sunset for instance—and a dark gray thunderstorm cloud, the net effect can make the sky appear faintly green. In fact, green thunderstorms are most commonly reported in the late afternoon and evening, according to Beasley.
At sunset the light from the sun grazes across the surface of the earth, passing through a long column or pathlength of atmosphere. During its passage through the atmosphere the blue components of the light are reduced in intensity, making the transmitted beam of sunlight more yellow or even red in colour.
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These lights are called auroras. If you're near the North Pole, it is called an aurora borealis or northern lights. If you're near the South Pole, it is called an aurora australis or the southern lights.
The longer answer lies in the details of photosynthesis, the electromagnetic spectrum, energy and “special pairs” of chlorophyll molecules in each plant cell. As such, plants look green because they absorb red light most efficiently and the green light is reflected.
What is it Actually? A green flash is a pinpoint of light, propelled from the sun and into the atmosphere, at the right angle, which results in a quick flash. The green coloration is a distillation of the color from the sun as it fades over the horizon.
When the sun is low on the horizon during sunrises and sunsets, the sunlight travels through more of the atmosphere. Shorter wavelength colors (blues and violets) get scattered out. This leaves more of the longer wavelength colors like yellow, orange, and red. This is why sunrises often take on such colors.
The particles produce a scattering effect upon the component parts of white light. After sunset, alpenglow is an afterglow caused by the illumination of atmospheric particles by sunlight as it gets refracted and scattered through the Earth's atmosphere.
The Short Answer: Gases and particles in Earth's atmosphere scatter sunlight in all directions. Blue light is scattered more than other colors because it travels as shorter, smaller waves. This is why we see a blue sky most of the time.
So one might say that the sun is blue-green! This maximum radiation frequency is governed by the sun's surface temperature, around 5,800K. A higher surface temperature would result in a shorter maximum wavelength and our sun might peak in the blue or violet part of the spectrum (or even the ultra violet!).
When we see the Sun at sunrise or sunset, when it is low in the sky, it may appear yellow, orange, or red. When the Sun is high in the sky, the shorter waves, primarily the blue, strike air molecues in the upper atmosphere and bounce around and scatter. Hence explaining why the sky looks blue.
