Ay, also spelled Aye, (flourished 14th century bce), king of ancient Egypt (reigned 1323–19 bce) of the 18th dynasty, who rose from the ranks of the civil service and the military to become king after the death of Tutankhamen.
Ramesses IIHis body was originally entombed in the Valley of the Kings, as was customary for a pharaoh, but ancient Egyptian priests later moved it to thwart rampant looters. In 1881, Ramesses II's mummy was discovered in a secret royal cache at Deir el-Bahri, along with those of more than 50 other rulers and nobles.
Ay was the penultimate pharaoh of ancient Egypt's 18th Dynasty. He held the throne of Egypt for a brief four-year period in the late 1300s BC.
| Ay |
|---|
| Reign | 1323–1319 BC or 1327–1323 BC (18th Dynasty) |
| Predecessor | Tutankhamun (Grandnephew & grandson-in-law?) |
| Successor | Horemheb (Possible Son-in-law) |
Another theory on Tutankhamun's death suggests that he was murdered by General Horemheb, a man of low birth who became one of Akhenaten's closest advisors. Under Tutankhamun, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the army and deputy of the king. Following the demise of Tutankhamun and Ay, Horemheb became pharaoh.
| Tutankhamun |
|---|
| Tutankhamun's golden mask |
| Pharaoh |
| Reign | c. 1332 – 1323 BC, New Kingdom (18th Dynasty) |
| Predecessor | Neferneferuaten |
Seti I had been buried in one of Egypt's most colourful royal tombs, but his body was gone by the time its richly decorated halls were uncovered in 1817. In the Valley of the Kings, the most famous tomb, that of King Tutankhamun, can be found between Seti I (center) and his son, Ramses II “the great†(upper left).
King Menes founded the capital of ancient Egypt at White Walls (later known as Memphis), in the north, near the apex of the Nile River delta. The capital would grow into a great metropolis that dominated Egyptian society during the Old Kingdom period.
After Muhammad's death in 632 CE, his friend Abu Bakr was named caliph and ruler of the Islamic community, or Ummah. Sunni Muslims believe that Abu Bakr was the proper successor, while Shi'a Muslims believe that Ali should have succeed Muhammad as caliph.
Muhammad Ali Pasha (Ù…Øمد علي باشا) was the ruler of Egypt and Sudan. He is regarded “the founder of modern Egypt,†because of the dramatic reforms in the military, economic, and cultural spheres that he instituted. He established dynasty that ruled Egypt and Sudan until the Egyptian Revolution of 1952.
The Eyalet of Egypt operated as an administrative division of the Ottoman Empire from 1517 to 1867. It originated as a result of the conquest of Mamluk Egypt by the Ottomans in 1517, following the Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17) and the absorption of Syria into the Empire in 1516.
Muhammad Ali was born in Kavala, in Macedonia, Rumeli Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire, today a city in Greece, to an Albanian family from Korça. In 1801, his unit was sent, as part of a much larger Ottoman force, to re-occupy Egypt following a brief French occupation that threatened the way of life in Egypt.
When 14-year-old Ramses II ascended the throne, the Hittites saw an opportunity to test the young king and his empire's northern border. They invaded and took over the important trading town of Kadesh in modern-day Syria.
Kings might have as many as several hundred wives, and in some periods other high officials took more than one wife. Also, the tradition of brother/sister or father/daughter marriages was mostly confined to the royalty of Egypt, at least until the Greek period.
Muhammad Ali, an Albanian, would later found the Khedivate of Egypt which lasted there until 1952. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many other Albanians settled into Egypt for economical and political reasons.
King Tut's WifeAround 1332 B.C.E., the same year that Tutankhaten took power, he married Ankhesenamun, his half-sister and the daughter of Akhenaten and Queen Nefertiti. While the young couple had no surviving children, it is known they had two daughters, both likely to have been stillborn.
He celebrated an unprecedented thirteen or fourteen Sed festivals during his reign—more than any other pharaoh.
| Ramesses II |
|---|
| Reign | 1279–1213 BC (19th Dynasty) |
| Predecessor | Seti I |
| Successor | Merneptah |
| show Royal titulary |
Most scholars date the Great Sphinx to the 4th dynasty and affix ownership to Khafre. However, some believe that it was built by Khafre's older brother Redjedef (Djedefre) to commemorate their father, Khufu, whose pyramid at Giza is known as the Great Pyramid.
The Bible says Moses ended his days buried in a place unknown to any man. His supposed nemesis, Pharaoh Ramses II, however, ended up in a glass case at the Cairo Museum. When Moses demands “Let my people go,†Rameses fears appearing weak; he refuses, and hardens his heart because he feels rejected.
Seti I, (died 1279 bce), ancient Egyptian king of the 19th dynasty (1292–1190 bce) who reigned from 1290 to 1279 bce. His father, Ramses I, reigned only two years, and it was Seti who was the real founder of the greatness of the Ramessids.
Horus, the falcon-headed god, is a familiar ancient Egyptian god. Horus is the son of Osiris and Isis, the divine child of the holy family triad. He is one of many gods associated with the falcon. His name means "he who is above" and "he who is distant".
ram-ses. Origin:Egyptian. Popularity:3678. Meaning:begotten by Ra, the sun god.
It was the Egyptians who built the pyramids. The Great Pyramid is dated with all the evidence, I'm telling you now to 4,600 years, the reign of Khufu. The Great Pyramid of Khufu is one of 104 pyramids in Egypt with superstructure. And there are 54 pyramids with substructure.
Hatshepsut was only the third woman to become pharaoh in 3,000 years of ancient Egyptian history, and the first to attain the full power of the position. Cleopatra, who also exercised such power, would rule some 14 centuries later.
Since an actual generation was nearer 25 years, the most probable date for the Exodus is about 1290 bce. If this is true, then the oppressive pharaoh noted in Exodus (1:2–2:23) was Seti I (reigned 1318–04), and the pharaoh during the Exodus was Ramses II (c. 1304–c. 1237).
The 3rd dynasty (c.2650–c.2575 bce)
A popular ancient name for Egypt was "Kemet," which means the "black land." Scholars generally believe that this name derives from the fertile soil that is left over when the Nile flood recedes in August.
In fact, some of the oldest dynasties in the world can be traced back to ancient China and Egypt. China's first dynasty, the Xia Dynasty, dates back to the 21st century B.C.
The Mauryan Empire was the first pan-Indian empire. It covered most of the Indian region and was founded around 321 B.C.E.
Ancient Egyptian tradition credited Menes, now believed to be the same as Narmer, as the king who united Upper and Lower Egypt. On the Narmer Palette the king is depicted wearing the Red Crown in one scene and the White crown in another, and thereby showing his rule over both Lands.
According to Manetho's chronology, the first king of Egypt was Menes who united Upper and Lower Egypt. Menes has come to be identified with the king Narmer (c. 3150 BCE) and also with Narmer's successor Hor-Aha (c. 3100 BCE).
